Air Act

AIR ACT 1981 With the increasing industrialization and the tendency of the majority of industries to congregate in area which are already heavily industrialized, the problem of air pollution has begun to be felt in the country. The problem is more acute in those heavily industrialised areas which are also densely populated. Short-term studies conducted by the National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, have confirmed that the cities of Calcutta, Bombay, Delhi, etc. re facing the impact of air pollution on a steadily increasing level. 2. The presence in air, beyond certain limits, of various pollutants discharged through industrial emission and from certain human activities connected with traffic, heating, use of domestic fuel, refuse, incinerations, etc, has a detrimental effect on the health of the people as also on animal life, vegetation and property. 3.In the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm in June, 1972 in which India parti cipated, decisions were taken to take appropriate steps for the preservation of the natural resources of the earth which, among other things, include the preservation of the quality of air and control of air pollution. The government has decided to implement these decisions of the said Conference in so far as they relate to the preservation of the quality of air and control of air pollution. 4. It is felt that there should be an integrated approach for tackling the environmental problems relating to pollution.It is, therefore, proposed that the Central Board for the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution constituted under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, will also perform the functions of the Central Board for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution and of a State Board for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in the Union Territories. It is also proposed that the State Boards constituted under that Act, separate State Boards for the Preservat ion and Control of Air Pollution are proposed to be constituted. The Air Act is implemented by the Central and State Governments and the Central and State Boards. Air Act AIR ACT 1981 With the increasing industrialization and the tendency of the majority of industries to congregate in area which are already heavily industrialized, the problem of air pollution has begun to be felt in the country. The problem is more acute in those heavily industrialised areas which are also densely populated. Short-term studies conducted by the National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, have confirmed that the cities of Calcutta, Bombay, Delhi, etc. re facing the impact of air pollution on a steadily increasing level. 2. The presence in air, beyond certain limits, of various pollutants discharged through industrial emission and from certain human activities connected with traffic, heating, use of domestic fuel, refuse, incinerations, etc, has a detrimental effect on the health of the people as also on animal life, vegetation and property. 3.In the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm in June, 1972 in which India parti cipated, decisions were taken to take appropriate steps for the preservation of the natural resources of the earth which, among other things, include the preservation of the quality of air and control of air pollution. The government has decided to implement these decisions of the said Conference in so far as they relate to the preservation of the quality of air and control of air pollution. 4. It is felt that there should be an integrated approach for tackling the environmental problems relating to pollution.It is, therefore, proposed that the Central Board for the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution constituted under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, will also perform the functions of the Central Board for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution and of a State Board for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in the Union Territories. It is also proposed that the State Boards constituted under that Act, separate State Boards for the Preservat ion and Control of Air Pollution are proposed to be constituted. The Air Act is implemented by the Central and State Governments and the Central and State Boards.

Mc Donald’s and the Health and Tick Approval

At the advent of problems, McDonald’s is torn between choices of actions.   Finally, it learned to adopt to change and impose innovation in its system which in turn brought positive effect on the company.   Upon the advice of the Public Relations agency, the company made necessary action to counteract against bad publicity; and the most important among the strategies is the Heart and Tick Approval.IntroductionGlobally, McDonald’s offers what people need in this period of globalization.   The American culture of fast food chain as a place for people who could not afford to prepare foods at home since both parents are working began to penetrate Asian culture.   In the same thought, McDonald’s became a place to celebrate birthdays and to engage in conversation.   Generally, fast food chains like McDonald’s is a good place to go for busy people who seek the comfort of living.   Mc Donald became part of the culture of the modern times.Mc Donald†™s after the controversial ads â€Å"the Super Size Me† of Spurlock had come up with a strategy to regain their control of the market in terms of fast food at least to create a positive image on their company as being concerned with the health of its patronage. This particular strategy which they had adopted was the Heart and Tick Program that tests the product from unhealthy ingredients that may harm the product and the consumers as well.   The program uses the symbol heart which means that the food is heart-friendly.For some, this symbol on the label of every product of McDonald’s is a kind of exploitation because they use it as their promotional strategy.   The heart of the Foundation itself gives a subconscious message that stirs the mind of the consumers trying to deceive them by telling that McDonald’s product are good when they are not.Though in previous years, McDonald’s had been perennially successful, yet due to the decline of its shares a nd sales in 1998, had devised a strategic plan that brought change to the company’s perspective in response to the controversy.   This leads for the introduction of the Health choices and the tick approvals known as the Heart Foundation.The changes that have been taken by the company are the result of the many controversies that challenged the popularity and sincerity of McDonald in its ethical obligation to environment and to its consumers.   This is because the company is resistant to any forces that may alter change.Generic Change Tools or Solutions AppliedThe â€Å"Super Size Me† ads brought a big controversy on McDonald’s everywhere in the world and the media identified it or linked it to ‘obesity.’   Therefore, the company had finally decided to impose innovation to counter bad public publicity of the McDonald’s and adopted changes in their menu offerings.   In a forum organized by Liberal Senator Guy Barnett, Mr. Peter Bush, th e CEO of McDonald’s Australia, explained that their company takes on a new food offerings that will absolutely health-friendly (Burton, p. 30).   The writer further emphasized that McDonald’s added a new range of salads to their meal, with the cutting of sugar content in the buns and less calorie count from all the foods.   It has also lessened its advertising by sixty percent every hour.The particular solution to this controversy is giving in to the public demand which is related to obesity that is associated with other illness common to people nowadays such as high blood pressure and heart failure. The company itself adopted the principles of the Tick Program of the Heart Foundation.   In Australia, The Heart Foundation Tick is the solution to the growing obesity rates among children and adults.   Healthy choices of food became the consumers’ demand in many industrialized countries like Australia.   In a latest survey, 93% of Australians food had the greater role in producing overweight children and adults (Heart Foundation).Modified or abandoned to suit organizational requirements.Robert Dransfield explained in his paper that the strategic planning that McDonald’s had undertaken is a response to all the challenges that the company is facing including its competitors in the burger business (p. 460).   This is very important because competitive advantage is created by combining strengths which means Mc Donald can exploit competencies and advantage at different points in the value chain to add more value in different ways.   In other words, the value of the product which McDonald’s produces such as hamburger, drinks, fries and other food products, is the perceived benefit that customer would be kept coming back. It also means that value comes from product differentiation, product cost, and the ability of McDonald’s to meet clients’ demands.The writer also noted that strategic planning is very criti cal because it shapes the future of the organization as it must meet the customers’ demands and needs.   Dransfield emphasized that McDonald developed competitive strategies that differentiate it from its rivals (p. 461), in which it recognizes the need to respond to the greater demand to increase competitive gap by: â€Å"adding greater value through innovation, making the process of visiting a McDonald’s less routine and controlled, and enhancing the overall in-house experience† (p.461).In particular, McDonald’s provides appropriate solutions such as â€Å"(a) providing a more balanced offering that includes fruits, sugar-free fruit drinks for children and more chicken products, and (b) by creating an Extra-Value Meal and a McChoice menu offering that provides excellent value for money† because price is critical to decision making (p. 461).McDonald’s has to strategically cut the prices of their product as a respond also to the â€Å"bur gers wars† with the Burger King’s attack.   Thus, McDonald’s â€Å"sought worldwide leadership on the global fast food market through low cost production of a standardized menu† (Grant, p. 1117).   Robert Morris Grant explained that McDonald’s strategy is founded on a central belief that is to be willing to cut price in order to boost volume growth.Another strategy which McDonald’s undertook was using the persona of Ronald McDonald that looked lovable and laughable to children.   This figure as a part of Public Relations strategy of McDonald’s conveys a marketing motivation.   According to Bob Burton, the clown suit means: â€Å"Ronald loves McDonald’s and McDonald’s food† (Burton, p. 34).This quotation indicates â€Å"that you should do everything you can to appeal to children’s love Ronald and McDonald’s† (p. 34).   The clown is also used in charitable activities of the company; it is seen in many hospitals across Australia and other charitable places.   Burton emphasized that in one of McDonald’s document, the overall objective of the company is not simply to give something back to the community but also to help differentiate McDonald’s from its competitors (p. 34).Alternative Strategies and Change ToolsThere are plenty of strategies that McDonald’s company had take into consideration and its tools are Public Relation and mass media.   The strategies such as the price reduction, affiliation to Heart Foundation, and using the clown Ronald McDonald became effective in bringing back the positive image of the company.   There are other strategies that were employed but these three are very important factors in the process.Its Public Relations group – the Golin/ Harris Communications -played an important in the overall task. They figured different strategies and brought McDonald’s closer to its consumers once again.   Thi s event in the life of McDonald’s is the turning point for it to become once again a giant in business and at the same time responsible enough in its obligation to public.   The mass media made things possible for McDonald’s for bringing all promotional activities to the public in a split of a second.ConclusionChange or innovation is very important in a company in order to adapt to the demand of the customers.   Change may be planned or unplanned, but any problem would beget another problem if not attended to.   This is the case of McDonald’s has learned its lesson; it should not remain confident in many challenges but be ready always for the challenges.   Organization such as this must adopt new strategies and employ change from time to time.   Innovation and creativity are the words that can help the company moving and growing.Work CitedBurton, Bob 2007. Inside Spin: The Dark Underbelly of the PR Industry. Australia: Allen and UnwinDransfield, Robert 2004. Business for Foundation Degrees and Higher Awards. Heinemann Educational PublishersGrant, Robert Morris 1998.   Contemporary Strategy Analysis. Blackwell Publishing.National Heart Foundation of Australia 2006http://www.heartfoundation.org.au/document/NHF/Tick_Brochure_FINAL_2006-11-02.pdf

Casablanca Film Review

CASABLANCA FILM REVIEW 1. How did the practical constraints imposed by World War II affect this movie? (Give 2 examples. ) Hollywood shifted from an outspoken denial of any overt promotion of the U. S. involvement in the war to an active on-screen support of that involvement. The cast was very international, of all the principle and supporting actors in the film came from Europe, only Humphrey Bogart and Dooley Wilson were born and raised in America. The rest of the actors either cam to U. S. for work or as refugees from the Nazis.By using characters of different ethnic races from other countries allowed the film to give it more of a historical accuracy. Other war time limitations were that of Ingrid’s fashions. They wanted to give her a look that was quite different. Fashions were simple and clean. There was very little outdoor filming due to high costs and a larger concern that the film could reveal important landmarks for the opposition to bomb. Most of the filming was down in soundstages, or on the Warner Brothers lot.Warner Brothers had to use models instead of the real thing, for example in the last scene where they are at the airport, the plane in this scene is actually a model and they skillfully used midgets to make the plane to appear bigger. Also Hollywood accommodated the war effort by having stars sell bonds or provide publicity photos with service man. They even built a canteen for the serviceman to go to so that the stars would serve them their coffee and donuts. Warner Brothers also produced some six hundred training and propaganda films under the supervision of Owen Crump. 2.What message does the film send about neutrality and America’s role in the war? Casablanca was used as a propaganda vehicle which was designed to support U. S. participation in the Allied Forces’ struggle for global justice and democracy at a time when most Americans believed that U. S. foreign policy should have promoted isolationism and neutrality. Th e film exploits wartime patriotism and the traditional â€Å"American values† of freedom, liberty and equality to shape the audience’s perception of the war. Rick Blaine’s character represents the American political ideals; anti-fascism, alliance nd intervention in the war. His role seems to inject resistance to the evil forces a foot in Europe. By the time Casablanca premiered in November 1942, Pearl Harbor had already occurred, and the U. S. had been at war for nearly a year. Many Americans during this time continued to support an isolationism foreign policy and were uneasy about the U. S. participation in a war that was thousands of miles away. The U. S. Government took an active role in the screening of such propaganda films and made sure that the studios would follow the BMP Codes so that the films would â€Å"benefit American morale.The codes were: Glorifying the â€Å"American way of Life;†, â€Å"Depict the enemy and their philosophy;† â⠂¬ Reflect well on our Allies;† †Portray the industrial war effort at Home;† †Illustrate what individuals could do on the home front to support the war Effort,† and show â€Å"Our fighting forces at Work. † Casablanca was designed to illustrate that personal desires must be subordinated to the task of defeating fascism by showing the chaos and misery which fascism and the war had brought. 3. How did World War II and events in Europe affect the cast of this movie?World War II had engulfed Europe, reaching all the way to Rick Blaine’s Cafe in French held Morocco. The Nazis had overrun France and all kinds of people are trying to escape by way of Casablanca. In this city, there was human trafficking with Rick’s Cafe being the main place individuals could be bought and sold through a lucrative refugee trade. Men and women were commodities. It was normal for people who used to be of wealth and fortune to end up accepting menial position s and the selling of their most treasured belongings. Some people gambled in order to obtain visas and some women resorted in the selling of their bodies.These kinds of actions were necessary to obtain a visa and escape. This would be evident in the scene when a young woman asked for Rick’s assistance in escaping. She and her husband were desperately searching for visas to the U. S. , when they were approached by the corrupt Captain Renault. Rather than allowing her to obtain the visas by selling her body to Renault, Rick rigged the roulette wheel so the couple could win the money to buy their passage to the U. S. Rick's actions seem to represent the power of American virtue over Vichy corruption.In a conversation between Rick and Ferrari, Rick’s liberal political leanings were apparent when Ferrari offered to buy Sam's contract, to which Rick replied: â€Å"I don't buy or sell human beings. † This conveyed the point that Rick (an American) was above the fascist practice of trading human beings. In another scene, Rick refused to serve a German patron, tearing up his invitation, which would have presumably allowed him to receive â€Å"special treatment 4. In what ways, if any, can you tell that this was a Warner Bros. film? Warner Bros were usually anti-Nazi, but when Confessions of a Nazi Spy was released it broke the code of remaining neutral.The Warner Brothers were Jewish. Koch and the Epstein’s saturated Casablanca with powerful assertions of German dominance in order to place the Nazi threat close to home. For example; The Nazi soldiers were given the best tables at Rick’s cafe because they were â€Å"German and would take (them) anyway,† just like they did most of Europe. Strasser’s duty was to expand the domain of the Third Reich and he made his intentions clear when he made the statement: â€Å"We (the Germans) have to become accustomed to all climates – from Russia to the Sahara,† and aga in when he explained to Rick that the Germans planned on invading London and New York.Casablanca wasn’t just another Warner Brothers picture, because it exploited wartime patriotism in an effort to shape American’s perception of the war. 5. Additional Comments (always complete this). Casablanca was more than the sentimental theme of lost love and redemption rather it was to represent the complex political and social issues on the early days of World War II. The product of a decade when studios were routinely producing â€Å"a movie a week. When Hal Wallis was hired to oversee the Casablanca project he prescribed a theme – United Nations –Conquered Nations Drama, and Enemy – Military Drama. Casablanca was to illustrate those personal desires cannot outweigh the task of defeating fascism and patriotic duty. This relates to the character of Rick Blaine. Casablanca was a chaotic and dangerous place that had Nazi-Vichy intimidation, corruption and cont rol. Many innocent people became victims of senseless rimes from being pick pocketed or being rounded up as a usual suspect, only to be stranded in such a place without hope. These people were refugees who were forced onto a treacherous journey to freedom, beginning from Paris then to Marseilles, Oran, Algeria landing in Casablanca. Here they would have a strenuous wait until they could secure their exit visas that were necessary for travel and could venture to the â€Å"democracy and freedom of the America’s that was a safe haven from the cruelty and death of fascist Europe.

Howard County High School Students Have Their Say Essay

Lunch menus in public schools have changed significantly over the past several years. There is an increased national concern about the alarming number of school age children who suffer from obesity. Federal and state requirements have been difficult to achieve due to the complexity in satisfying the palette as well as public health concerns. Howard County, Maryland has joined with other areas to find a compromise between public policies and student satisfaction. John-John Williams, IV in his article, â€Å"Having a Say on What They Eat,† examines the efforts of the Howard County Public Schools in Ellicott City, Maryland. In response to a 2006 â€Å"wellness† policy, high school administrators were required to reduce the amount of high fat foods offered to students. Items such as french fries or anything resembling fast foods were excluded as suitable choices. In response, students protested with their pocketbooks by refusing to purchase certain cafeteria items. Howard County high schools lost thousands of dollars in much needed revenue and were forced to include student-consumers in the decision making process. Students enrolled in the Culinary Arts Program are making their voices heard at Oakland Mills, a high school in Howard County. The young male and female chefs hope to create dishes suitable for next fall’s menu. Students enrolled in the cooking class, much like many restaurant owners and professional chefs, are faced with the challenges of providing foods that meet national nutritional guidelines and at the same time manage cost and taste appeal. Students participating in the taste-test were required to prepare dishes that would meet the national guidelines of 750 total calories (110 of which could derive from fat), and150 grams of sodium at the cost of $1. 22. On April1, just a few days away, judges will select recipes from twelve high schools in five counties including Howard. One of the major problems for high school administrators has been student awareness regarding food preparation and nutrition. They explain the students’ culinary wisdom in terms of cable food networks and celebrity chefs. High school students’ tastes in foods have clashed with administrative obligations yet culinary program participants have found a productive means of influencing systemic and institutional change. There are a variety of sociological issues imbedded in the Howard County challenge. The context of the struggle is the public high school, a social and political institutional space that operates under certain federal guidelines and state budgets. The question of community and culture is a dominant theme as Howard County explores how best to address the concerns of multiple and diverse constituents. While the primary goal is to meet public health and nutritional guidelines, the underlying impediments to meeting these objectives have been both economic and cultural. In order for Howard County to be in compliance they must not only answer the question of health but must also find a way to establish a form of nutritional wellness that is both affordable and acceptable to students. For example, Erika Henderson, a senior from Oakland Mills High enrolled in the Culinary Arts class, stated that the food was distasteful because it was â€Å"cheap food with no seasoning† (Williams, IV 10). As a result, Erika decided to bring her lunch each day. Erika’s choice to pass on the cafeteria foods raises issues about class. Students from lower incomes may not have items to bring from home and, in many instances, rely on the cafeteria cuisine. At the same time, Erika appears to have been quite comfortable with preparing her own food. She had a particular notion about ingredients suggesting that the culture of her home allowed and encouraged food preparation and experimentation. In addition, the Culinary Arts Program created a subculture; a cohort of students who, perhaps, were more aware of the nuances of food preparation and trends than their peers. The culinary arts students were the most vocal in demanding that their recipes be taste-tested and, if successful, placed on the menu. Laurie Collins, Instructional Facilitator at Oakland Mills, insisted that â€Å"they will try something that [has been] prepared by their peers† (Williams, IV 10). With just days away from a decision, over seventeen-thousand students at Oakland may have a chance to have their way in terms of affordable, healthy, appetizing, and appealing choices for lunch whether it is the baked onion rings or apple slices. Realizing that it will be difficult to please everyone, all parties are optimistic about the fall menu. Howard County and the Oakland students have taken matters into their own hands by offering a realistic solution to what is a national and institutional problem. The students, through hard work and creativity, are cooking up their own taste of â€Å"wellness. † Works Cited Williams IV, John-John. â€Å"Having A Say On What They Eat: Howard Students Taste- Test, Prepare Own Candidate for Cafeteria Menu† The Baltimore Sun 22 March 2009: 1, 10.

Interacial marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Interacial marriage - Essay Example Hohman (2002) relates this to cultural intolerance. Family members quest to protect their own culture prompt many to encourage marriage from the same race. Those involved in interracial relationships are perceived to be endangering their indigenous culture. Intolerance problem may persist especially in families who are cocooned in their traditional beliefs and are opposed to multicultural approaches. Families would go to the largest expend to protect their values. These values may be oppressing to some extent. The social status of an individual could be affected in an event family members are not familiar with interracial marriages. Stereotype is a major concern to those involved in interracial marriages. Family members could neglect or reject children from mixed races. This may have psychological effect to the children and their parents. Mockery and verbal abuses directed to such children could affect their social wellbeing. The parents’ role in crucial family decision-making processes could be minimized on the assumption that marring from a different race makes them less equal to other family members. In conclusion, one marring from a different race could caught between prioritizing his or her new family and protecting the values of the extended family. Family members may feel betrayed in an event choices do not favor their wishes. The married couple could face a psychological war triggered by other family members. Children would suffer the most as they would face stereotypes and could be subjected neglect to do their cross-cultural approach. In the end, family members could be the reason as to why such marriages may fail to

Office Art Memo Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Office Art Memo - Research Paper Example From this paper it is clear that  the impressionist paintings include: A Matador, Young Woman with Ibis, and View of Vetheuil. ‘A Matador' impressionist art has color painted side by side with a little mixing, and it has a strongly colored ground. It was made by French, Edouard Manet. The ‘View of Vetheuil’ impressionist art was created in the year 1880 by Claude Monet, from France. The artwork also has a more vivid color with a light colored background. Besides, the painting is out- door with the shadowy effects detailed. On the other hand, the ‘Young Woman with Ibis’ impressionist work was an out- door painting and had no use of black color. The painting was made by a French woman, Edgar Degas, who was an impressionist. It was made in the year 1860 to 1862 and had an emphasis on natural light. The colors in the painting are placed side by side with no mixing.This discussion stresses that  there are several post-impressionist paintings and they in clude ‘Still Life with Teapot and Fruit’, ‘Tahitian Faces: Frontal Views and Profiles’, and ‘Road in Etten.’   Ã¢â‚¬ËœStill Life with Teapot and Fruit’ is non- naturalistic, even though simplified, and a trait that defies the principles of impressionist art. It has flowers hanging on their own without obeying the force of gravity. The artwork also has flat patches in bold colors, esoteric symbolism, and decorative line. Paul Gauguin, a renowned post- impressionist, made the artwork.

Interagency Disater Management of the US Midwest Floods of 1993 and Essay

Interagency Disater Management of the US Midwest Floods of 1993 and how it Might be Managed Different Today - Essay Example When the disaster subsided, meetings and hearings were convened, new policies were drafted, and the administration of Clinton assigned a task force. Key decision makers and legislators required documents, reports, assessments and development programs. A small portion of the population affected by the catastrophic flooding, whether they are on the floodplain or in the Beltway, hope for genuine reform, though, for different rationales: the flood-control strategy as well as the interagency flood management spends too much money, persuades behavior that worsens the predicament, and gives out some luscious boons to a privileged few, which consequently cultivated recurrent environmental crises (Sharp et al., 1997). As soon as the waters ebbed, interests in and attempts for reconstruction have receded as well. The gravely desired reforms in the system will, as the past has showed us, stayed mainly unmade. Afterward, with the following great flood, the same succession of hand-pressing, downpour of sympathy and financial assistance, and the consequent grief about costs, illogicalities, and injustices will be repeated. It is quite terrible. In fact, the solutions are not costly or even technologically complicated. They decided, though, to resolve a number of steamy issues, to deal with the execution rigidly and fairly, and, most importantly, more political moral fiber than is normally observed when flood-management decisions are usually made while the flooding devastates the lives of the people within its reach. In President Clinton’s State of the Union Address in 1994, he referred to the US Midwest Flood of 1993 as a‘500-year flood,’ which consequently led numerous people to think that such a catastrophe, could only occur once every 500 years. However, that is logically invalid. Such a hurricane could possibly happen the following spring. Our watercourses are speckled with â€Å"United States Geological Survey